ABSTRACT
Focal epilepsy can be simple (patient is conscious) or complex (impaired consciousness) and is usually initiated in the temporal lobe. Generalized epilepsy occurs where the focal seizure transmits to other parts of the brain. The patient is unconscious, and it can include absence seizures, myoclonic, tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, or atonic types of seizures. Ulegyria occurs due to ischemic injury in full-term infants. Minimal perfusion at the deeper portions of the gyri leads to its shrinkage and atrophy in comparison with the apical part of the gyri, giving it a characteristic mushroom shape. Other types of cortical and glial scars may result from infective or traumatic injury. Intractable seizures are refractory to medical management. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic algorithms can offer a useful second opinion that either supports a doctor’s decision or contradicts it, in which case another radiologist can review the diagnosis. AI algorithm screens gargantuan amounts of patients’ data to find patterns that can help in making future diagnoses.
