ABSTRACT
Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage is the most common lesion in high-risk low-birth-weight infants, due to hypoxic-ischemic injury to the deep vascular watershed zone in the developing fetus. The most common locations of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage include subdural space (usually along the interhemispheric fissure and tentorium cerebelli); Subarachnoid cisterns; and posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hypoxia ischemic injury occurs due to asphyxia and infarction. The spectrum of hemorrhagic infarcts may range from petechiae-like hemorrhages to frank parenchymal hematomas. Cerebral herniation is a common complication of intracranial hemorrhage and occurs when the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and vessels are shifted from one compartment to another, causing loss of brain-stem functions. It may also lead to occlusion of blood vessels, hemorrhagic infarcts, and diffuse cerebral edema, adding to the mass effect. Diffuse axonal injury occurs as a result of rotational acceleration/deceleration shearing forces, leading to malalignment of axons and, eventually, to brain edema.
