ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the state of the artificial intelligence (AI) world: What types of AI exist, and who are the central figures who had the most influence on how the AI world understands itself. The “modern” bit of the approach seems to be that AI is presented in that book purely as engineering, as a series of useful techniques, with no history at all. The chapter analyses the initial banning of introspection by John B. Watson. Watson views the resistance he encounters to the abolition of introspection and to the interpretation of humans as animals as being essentially the same as the resistance to Darwin, stemming from the same religious sentiment that requires humans to be distinct in kind from animals. Watson moved between two positions: methodological behaviourism and ontological behaviourism. Ontological behaviourism denies that something mental is going on inside the brain and claims that only external behaviour exists.
