ABSTRACT
This chapter opens with a brief discussion of basic water chemistry and the geography of Earth’s water, and how it moves cyclically between the atmosphere and the oceans. Understanding basic water chemistry and refreshing ourselves about the global water cycle provide the knowledge base. The chapter includes an investigation of the multi-faceted nature of surface water and groundwater as discrete entities, while also considering their interactions. Urbanization has a profound influence on the hydrogeology of an urban area because urbanization creates an anthropogenic infrastructure. This infrastructure is intended to mimic the natural systems it replaces, but ends up changing many or all of the characteristics of the surface water and groundwater in developed areas. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the anthropogenic effects on surface water and groundwater.
