ABSTRACT
A fermenter or bioreactor is the heart of the biochemical industry. One major characteristic of a living system is sensitivity with respect to the environment. So it is desirable to maintain proper environmental parameters so that living cells can grow properly to give the desired products. Temperature and pH play critical role in any fermentation process. They can be monitored by using a resistance thermometer and a pH probe, respectively. Most biochemical processes are operated at the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. So the design of the bioreactor is very simple. But for safety measures, it is necessary to monitor the pressure. This is done with the help of a pressure gauge or manometer. A resistance thermometer is also known as a thermostat or a resistance temperature detector. It is used to monitor the temperature of the fermentation medium. This device uses the principle of change in a material’s electrical resistance with temperature.
