ABSTRACT
On-farm effects are the type of upstream effects most often recognized in the literature, though they are in many ways very difficult to quantify. The erosion process also includes the transport of soil particles from one part of a drainage system to another. To facilitate the identification of benefits and costs resulting from activities to control erosion and to organize the empirical evidence on the magnitude of erosion in developing countries. This chapter describes the major erosion effects and provides a typology for the identification of such effects. There are three types of soil erosion effects, "upstream effects," "downstream effects," and "worldwide effects." Upstream effects are the effects of erosion within a project area or in the upper portion of a river basin. Downstream effects are the effects of erosion outside a project area but within the same watershed and usually within the same country. Worldwide effects are effects across countries or regions of the world.
