ABSTRACT
One prerequisite of plant seed propagation is the presence of a large number of seeds and/or several embryos in one seed. Seed propagation leads to an increase in population. The capacity to accumulate the great stable reserves of viable seeds in a soil has arisen in plant species growing in unstable environmental conditions, under which the possibility of seed propagation is only sometimes realized. In unfavourable conditions, the coenopopulation may change from the active state to the dormant one and be constituted exclusively from viable seeds occurring in a soil. Fructifications in modern botany constitute the organs realizing seed propagation: female, male, and telianthus organs. The term is used to describe organs both of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Seeds differ in size, shape, colour, pubescence and other characteristics. In the seeds of some species of flowering plants together with sexual embryo or its derivatives the embryos are formed from the cells of gametophyte and/or maternal sporophyte.
