ABSTRACT
This chapter outlines a case scenario on urinary tract infection (UTI) followed by a highly detailed explanation of the condition and its management, presenting the symptoms in a way that are likely to be encountered in general practice. UTIs are an important differential in the list of potential diagnoses in a febrile child. A UTI should always be considered in a febrile child with no obvious focus of infection. Acutely, UTIs can cause serious bacteraemia, particularly in infants. Ideally, the urine sample should be sent for urgent microscopy. Treatment of an acute episode depends upon the clinical condition of the child. In this case it seems appropriate to have treated the child with oral antibiotics. If the child appears toxic and unwell, he or she should be referred to a paediatrician. Parenteral therapy should be considered in unwell children who are dehydrated or vomiting.
