ABSTRACT
As noted in chapter 2, urine is the principal route by which most toxicants are excreted. As a result, the kidney has a high volume of blood flow, concentrates toxicants in the filtrate, transports toxicants across the tubular cells, and bioactivates or detoxifies certain toxicants. It is therefore a major target organ for adverse effects. To facilitate discussions on these effects, the renal structure and functions are briefly reviewed.
