ABSTRACT
Development of the mathematical concept of scattering theory proceeded quite slowly because of difficulties in the mathematical problems themselves, as well as the lack of collaboration among mathematicians and physicists. The scattering experiment plays one of the leading roles in the part of physics devoted to measurement, irrespective of whether one is concerned with particle collisions or with scattering of photons on various substances. The first direct confirmation of the existence of the stationary states of atoms came in 1914 through Franck-Hertz’s experiment on inelastic scattering of electrons on the mercury target vapour. Collision problems include at least 80 percentage of the entire research themes and activities in the domain of atomic physics theory. Active and passive diagnostic techniques with particle beams are mainly based upon the problem of scattering in which electron transfer takes place.
