ABSTRACT
Historically, most health risk estimation techniques for exposure to toxic chemicals have focused on quantal data primarily because many of the studies concentrated on the carcinogenic effects of substances. Thus a large number of animal bioassay studies focused on estimating the risk of the occurrence of cancer by classifying animals as being with or without a tumor. This chapter discusses various dose-response models that have been developed for continuous outcomes. It considers how some of the models have been applied for estimating the risk in experiments that study the adverse neurological effects of chemicals. Neurotoxicity can result from exposure to substances used in chemotherapy, radiation treatment, drug therapies, and organ transplants, as well as exposure to heavy metals such as lead and mercury, certain foods and food additives, pesticides, industrial and/or cleaning solvents, cosmetics, and some naturally occurring substances.
