ABSTRACT
Represents one of the major uses of shotcrete in North America and around the world. Case history examples are provided for applications such as the following: earth and rock slope stabilization; stabilizing city-block-size deep excavations (up to 30 m deep) for below-ground parking structures using shotcrete faced stressed tie-back anchors, or passive soil nailing; Underpinning buildings and structures; support of excavations in road and railway cut-and-cover tunneling projects; protection of ocean-front bluffs and seawalls from erosion, scour and undercutting; stabilizing deteriorating mechanically stabilized earth walls; protection of gabion basket lined river channels and levees from damage and erosion; stabilizing creek beds and remediation of bridge abutments and piers damaged by scour and undercutting. These are but some of the many and various uses of shotcrete in ground support and shoring.
