ABSTRACT
Local infiltration may provide some degree of analgesia following surgery. A ring block around the limb proximal to the site of surgery can provide good analgesia. A distal radial/ulnar/median nerve block can provide intraoperative and postoperative pain control often eliminating the need tor supplemental inhalation anesthetic administration. The level of pain experienced by a particular patient is a function of surgical technique and the animal's pain tolerance. Infiltration of the incision site with local anesthetic may provide postoperative analgesia. The level of pain experienced by any particular patient is a function of surgical technique and the animal's pain tolerance. Injectable opioids and analgesic adjunctive drugs such as alpha2 adrenergic agonists and other sedatives can be used to reduce pain and stress following castration. A low concentration of halothane or isoflurane may be required to supplement anesthetic action.
