ABSTRACT
The chapter focuses on building control and management systems; heat, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC); lighting; and noise acoustic control, while also giving a good description of building monitoring, fire protection, smoke management, and important aspects of building and occupant safety and security issues. HVAC and lighting operation and control require an understanding of the building and the uses of the spaces to be conditioned, illuminated, and controlled. Lighting and HVAC are an important part of building energy consumption, representing a large portion of the overall energy uses. Lighting consumption can be easily reduced with efficient light sources and appropriate and optimal control, performed often by automatic systems based on the occupancy and daylight. All control systems, including HVAC and lighting, operate in accordance with a few basic principles discussed in this chapter. HVAC control system functions are: to maintain comfortable conditions in the space by providing the desired cooling and heating outputs, while various factors affect the cooling and heating outputs; to maintain comfortable conditions while using the least amount of energy; and to operate in an optimal way in order to provide a healthy environment for the occupants and safe and proper equipment conditions. The final controlled variable in buildings is room or zone temperature (and to a lesser extent humidity and/or air quality). The chapter systematizes the fundamental concepts and requirements of building control, monitoring, and management systems, defining the most important aspects based upon the established literature, standards, and codes.
