This chapter reviews the present status of nanoscale applications of organic and biological nanotechnology to science and health. Namely of those capable so far to yield a potential scientific and technological progress both to protein crystallography, medicine, genomics, proteomics and cell science, and to mechanics, optics and magnetism. The new field results from the combination of advanced nanotechnologies – particularly atomic force microscopy, thin-film nanotemplate technology, nanogravimetry – and of advances in synchrotron radiation, namely micro-nanofocused diffraction and micro-nano Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (µGISAXS). The molecular mechanisms and the early steps of the growth of these protein crystals have been characterized by µGISAXS at the Microfocus beam line of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. For understanding the basic physical aspects of the template induced P450scc cytochrome microcrystal nucleation and growth, the synchrotron microfocus has being here used both for diffraction and µGISAXS. A characteristic feature of a GISAXS pattern is the Yoneda peak.