ABSTRACT
Biculture has greater potential, in terms of increased yields, revenue, ecological and environmental gains, than the monoculture. The increased potential is expressed through the plant-on-plant agrobionomic principles. The advantages are that a biculture should be considered before turning to a monoculture. A lack of study, confirmed tree pairings and complexity limits popularity. The underlying agrobionomic principles, if better understood from an application perspective, could encourage a greater utilization of bicultures. Productive, revenue and quality gains are high on the list of reasons for in-field installation. Also favoring bicultures are the dynamics associated with well-directed biodiversity. A large body of theory, i.e., the agrobionomic principles, supports the productive gains from a biculture. This is coupled with convincing evidence from field trials. Although most planned bicultures are revenue-oriented, there is the potential for cost-oriented designs. In ecological terms, bicultures can be early stage succession with two or more pioneer species planted and harvested together.
