ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses quantitative acid/base calculations for any solution of acids and bases in the aquatic chemistry. The final equilibrium position that a given aqueous system will take is determined by: the T- and P-dependent values of the pertinent equilibrium constants; the mass balance and other equations governing the system; and how the activity coefficients γi depend on chemical composition. However, for dilute solutions, or when the reaction medium contains relatively large amounts of background dissolved salts not participating in the reactions, then the γi in the final equilibrium system may be estimated accurately.
