ABSTRACT
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slow progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with abnormal function of extrapyramidal system. Increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation initiate and together with glutamate promote PD. In familial PD, these biological events are also involved. Therefore, attenuation of these biological processes may be useful in prevention and improved management of PD. ROS and proinflammatory cytokines alter the expressions of microRNAs and their respective target proteins to induce neurodegeneration, while antioxidants changes the expressions of microRNAs and their respective target proteins to induce neuroprotection. Studies with a single micronutrient yielded inconsistent results. In order to simultaneously reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, enhancing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and dietary and endogenous antioxidants is essential. To accomplish this, a mixture of micronutrients that may increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and antioxidants is proposed. This mixture may also prevent the release and toxicity of glutamate. This micronutrient mixture may reduce the risk of developing PD in high-risk populations, and in combination with the drug therapy, may improve the management of this disease by prolong the efficacy of the drugs for a longer period of time, and by reducing long-term side effects.
