ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on measurement error models because, with occupancy and capture-recapture models and shows how to model the latent ecological process. Occupancy models were developed to learn about species distributions when detectability of the species is imperfect. In particular, both occupancy and capture-recapture models contain a set of parameters that affect the observational process directly. The chapter discusses the Bayesian occupancy model with heterogeneous detection probability and occupancy probability over sites to the willow warbler data using standardized area and willow height as covariates in both the occupancy and detection portions of the model. The false negative mechanism in occupancy studies that leads to binary measurement error is somewhat unique to wildlife ecology in particular, although the models have been used in a variety of other fields at this point. Extensions to occupancy models focusing on answering community ecology questions account for multiple species and, possibly, their interactions.
