ABSTRACT
The collection of occupancy data often is done at a set of sites in a study area, but conventional occupancy models do not account for potential spatial dependence among sites beyond that explained by site-level covariates. Hoeting et al. developed a spatially explicit occupancy model that was able to account for potential spatial structure in the occupancy probability. The chapter focuses on binary data with measurement error in this chapter; however, for an excellent review of spatially explicit modeling approaches for binary data, see De Oliveira. Several other studies have proposed and used occupancy models with spatial components. Although not relying on spatially explicit occupancy models directly, other studies have investigated the utility of occupancy models from a spatial sampling perspective. The hierarchical framework facilitates the combination of spatial and temporal occupancy modeling concepts to account for ecological processes such as metapopulation dynamics.
