ABSTRACT
The equations of motion for a fully three-dimensional and nonlinear vehicle model are supplemented by a simple driver model. Standard driving maneuvers are discussed in detail. The results of a steady-state cornering deliver the parameter of a corresponding handling model. In practice, step steer inputs and straightforward drive on an uneven track are usually used to judge vehicles subjectively or to to compare different vehicles or vehicle concepts. Simulation results of a laden and an empty coach and a midsize car with different rear axle concepts illustrate the impact of the suspension kinematics to the performance of a vehicle. An obstacle avoidance and off-road scenario demonstrates the benefit of controlled systems, in particular the electronic stability program and an active rear wheel steering.
