ABSTRACT
CFD simulations, continuity, momentum, and energy
equations are numerically solved. These simulations are
based on finite difference, finite element, and finite volume
element approaches where finite volume methods combine
the flexibility of finite element with the execution speed of
finite difference methodology.[4]
The first step for solving required equations for exact,
numerical, or CFD solution is to set up initial and boundary
conditions after defining the system to be studied. In the
case of heat transfer, prescribed surface temperature or
heat flux and convection boundary conditions are applied.
In solving momentum equations, no-slip boundary condi-
tion, stating zero velocity at the walls where fluid is in
contact, is mostly used. A general approach for solving
fluid flow problems in food processing simulations is
incompressible fluid assumption (where density remains
constant against isothermal pressure changes) since the
problems are mostly liquid related, and liquid densities
are essentially constant. For example, density of water at
200 atm differs less than 1% than the density at 1 atm. In
addition to required initial and boundary conditions,
