ABSTRACT
Logical reasoning is foundational to every field of study. This chapter presents the tools of symbolic logic that support discussions into mathematical proofs. It is the mathematician and philosopher Aristotle, a student of Plato’s Academy in ancient Greece, who is regarded as the founder of logic. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, is perhaps best known for his fictional pieces Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, yet he was a noted mathematician and logician. Augustus De Morgan and George Boole took the symbolism of Leibniz and introduced a system of algebra on it to form what has become known as symbolic logic. The chapter provides a pair of logical connectives that open the door to mathematical conjecture, theory and proof.
