ABSTRACT
Both the time and cost expended in gaining regulatory approval for a new bioactive compound are very high. Biotechnology, in its broader sense, has many points of contact with the food processing industries. Areas of biotechnology that impinge upon food processors include: genetic manipulation of plant cells, pure culture fermentation, single cell protein synthesis, aquaculture, plant/animal cell culture, and enzyme biosynthesis and use. Performance of ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrodes are detailed as is construction of the electrodes and measuring circuits. Nonsterile fluid levels can be measured by a number of convenient means. Liquid measurement is very important in fed batch operations or in continuous fermentation. In theory liquid flow can be measured by any differential pressure device or by any one of a number of rate meters. Further, a mixture of froth and air contacting the back pressure control valve can cause airflow disturbances.
