ABSTRACT
Emmy Noether is often called the ‘mother of abstract algebra’. She developed the general theory of ideals and Noetherian rings. An ideal in abstract algebra is a special subset of some ring something that fundamentally defines that ring. In 1915, Noether was invited by fellow mathematicians David Hilbert and Felix Klein to join the mathematics department at the University of Gottingen, yet although there were objections that women can’t possibly teach there, she spent four years lecturing under Hilbert’s name. Then, in 1933 the lecture halls became closed to those of Jewish origin. In mathematics, similar to art and architecture, the emphasis on new forms became overwhelming in the same period. The structure for creating new mathematics was nevertheless rigorous, although the criteria for recognizing and appreciating the values and the beauty of these creations perhaps became less well known.
