ABSTRACT
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses the effects of the critical factors, such as temperature and doping, on creating the intraband single-particle excitations and low-frequency 2D acoustic plasmons. It examines a vector-potential-dependent Peierls phase/period in the hopping integrals/the real crystal. Graphene-related systems have attracted a lot of theoretical and experimental researches, mainly owing to the unique hexagonal symmetry, unusual layered structures/nanoscaled thickness, and various stacking configurations. The sliding bilayer graphene presents the transformation between highly symmetric stackings, being an ideal system for fully exploring the electronic topological transitions. A uniform perpendicular electric field could be achieved by applying a gate voltage on a layered graphene system. Electronic excitations/deexcitations arising from the electron–electron Coulomb interactions are one of the essential physical properties, being closely related to the geometric and band structures.
