ABSTRACT
Monolayer graphene exhibits rich and unique Coulomb excitations in the presence/absence of temperature, doping, and interlayer Coulomb coupling. Trilayer ABC-stacked graphene has three pairs of unusual energy bands near the Fermi level; therefore, it exhibits rich and unique Coulomb excitations. Apparently, the trilayer AAB stacking exhibits the unique electronic properties and thus the diverse Coulomb excitations. The lower stacking symmetry leads to three pairs of unusual energy dispersions: the oscillatory, sombrero-shaped, and parabolic ones. A uniform perpendicular electric field has created significant effects on the electronic properties and thus diversifies the Coulomb excitation phenomena. Apparently, the three kinds of 3D graphites show the diverse Coulomb excitation phenomena in the low- and middle-frequency ranges, mainly owing to the dimensionality and stacking configurations. The generalized tight-binding model and the modified random-phase approximation are developed to deal with Coulomb excitations and decay rates under various stacking configurations, layer numbers, dimensionalities, electric fields, and magnetic fields.
