ABSTRACT
The distinct stacking configurations identified in the synthesized graphene systems cover ABC. A lot of theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted on the Coulomb excitations of graphene-related systems, clearly indicating that both electron–hole excitations and plasmon modes strongly depend on the stacking configurations, number of layers, dimensions, and external fields. Trilayer ABC-stacked graphene displays rich and unique plasmon spectra under the influence of dynamic Coulomb interactions. Trilayer ABC-stacked graphene is predicted to exhibit rich and unique Coulomb excitations. There are many SPE channels and five kinds of plasmon modes, mainly arising from three pairs of energy bands and doping carrier densities. The electronic structures of ABC-stacked trilayer graphenes have been verified by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Specifically, the presence of the surface-localized states has been clarified for the partially flat subbands centered at the K point.
