ABSTRACT
Log–antilog multipliers, resistor multipliers using field-effect transistors as the voltage variable, variable transconductance multipliers, Gilbert multiplier cells, triangle wave averaging multipliers and quarter–square multipliers are conventional multipliers. For small source–drain voltages, an FET acts as a controlled resistor whose resistance is inversely proportional to the gate source voltage. The Gilbert cell using an emitter-coupled pair in series with a cross-coupled and emitter-coupled pair. As the devices are symmetrically cross-coupled and the current IE is constant, the large common mode shift at the outputs gets eliminated.
