ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the Model of Expertise, an implementation-independent able to describe both biological and artificial systems. A Knowledge Level description of expertise is given identifying: general knowledge, common-sense knowledge, domain-specific knowledge, episodic knowledge, generic models, domain-specific models, problem-solving models, task models, goals, actions, utilities, and perceptions. To facilitate discussion of the skills required for expertise, the Expertise Level is introduced and lies above the Knowledge Level. The Expertise Level description of expertise is given identifying: recall, apply, evaluate, understand, analyze, create, extract, teach, learn, alter, perceive, and act as fundamental skills. Higher-level skills are formed by combining several of these fundamental skills. The Knowledge Level description and the Expertise Level description of expertise forms the Model of Expertise. In the coming cognitive systems era, artificial systems will be built capable of performing some of the skills and implementing some of the knowledge stores identified in the Model of Expertise. Humans will collaborate with these systems and total cognition of the human/cog ensemble will be the result of a combination of artificial and biological thinking.
