ABSTRACT
Steel is one of the favorite construction materials for industrial structures and offshore platforms. Under the conventional loads such as dead load, live load, wind load and environmental loads such as wave, current and earthquake loads, design procedures are well discussed in the literature. However, special attention is needed to understand the design procedure under special loads such as blast, fire and impact. This section describes an estimate of these special loads on structures in general and offshore structures in particular. A detailed procedure of design, under these loads, is discussed with a few examples. This section also covers a topic on the recent research namely functionally graded materials, which find a high-end application under high-temperature and high-pressure condition. Some of the results of recent research carried out on forming an functionally graded material and assessing its suitability for marine riser is presented.
