ABSTRACT
Outdoor exposure is best measured in human landing collections, in which mosquitoes are caught attempting to bite the exposed lower legs of collectors sitting outside, because sitting outside is what people are doing anyway. Information on the blood-meal source and resting site of malaria vectors can inform models of transmission and potential control measures. Exiting mosquitoes were collected in mosquito nets placed horizontally against the different sides in which the louvres had been left open. A much larger percentage of species can be collected as immature stages than as adults, because usually only the females that are attracted to bait or traps are encountered during surveys; these constitute only a small fraction of the mosquito fauna of almost every area in the world. The pupal skin is picked up with a lifter, briefly washed in a dish of tap water, and transferred with the last label to 75%–85% ethanol in an Eppendorf tube or similar.
