ABSTRACT
Policies include strategies, action plans and programmes devised by government ministries. Policies will generally comprise a strategic vision along with objectives and potentially concrete targets, as well as identify several instruments that will be employed to achieve these objectives and may include indicators to assess progress toward objectives/targets. Policies focused on the full lifecycles of specific production–consumption clusters associated with particularly high environmental burdens have the potential to achieve large Sustainable Consumption and Production gains. Most policies aimed at promoting more sustainable household consumption have been using soft policy instruments, such as campaigns, eco-labels, and other information-based instruments. Policies and policy instruments are those targeted at minimizing the environmental impacts from the extraction, use and management of raw materials. Examples of such policies include national raw materials strategies, renewable materials strategies, water management strategies and taxes on raw materials.
