ABSTRACT
The organization of a computer system and its modular design can be conceived in terms of a series of hierarchical levels along with their specific responsibilities to perform. The highest level in this organization is the processor level whose design approaches involving major components and their functions have been narrated. The next lower level is the register level comprising combinational components, such as multiplexers decoders, etc. and sequential components, such as registers counters, etc., along with various general-purpose programmable elements, including PALs(programmable array logics), PLAs (programmable logic arrays), FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays), and ROM. The structures and organizations of these components and their roles in information processing have been briefly explained. The lowest and the most fundamental level is the gate level, comprising most elementary components (e.g. different types of gates, flip–flop) that operate on Boolean algebra. Lastly, the standard and universally accepted method used for the evaluation of computer system performance, following the way as introduced by a non-profit organization named System Performance Evaluation Corporation, often abbreviated as SPEC, has been described.
