ABSTRACT
More specifically in the world of science, engineering, and technology, research includes a very wide variety of studies, both theoretical and experimental, that must precede the development, production, and deployment of useful materials, methods, devices, or technical systems that are of economic value in a broad sense. Basic research connotes a systematic study to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental aspects of phenomena without regard to any specific applications toward deployable methods, processes, or products. The research managers in a national laboratory, university, or other not-for-profit institution may object that the issue of cash flow does not apply to them or their organization. Although financial profit does not apply, funding agencies do and increasingly must create other metrics to keep score of scientific and technological success. The savvy research manager learns what these metrics are and leads the enterprise to deliver a winning score.
