ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) developed following the environmental accounting framework of the European Environment Agency. According to the CICES, ecosystem services are now grouped into the following three: provisioning services, regulation and maintenance services; and cultural services. Provisioning services cover all nutritional, non-nutritional materials, and energetic outputs obtained from ecosystems, including food, medicine, feed, fiber, energy, genetic materials, and freshwater. Regulation and maintenance services constitute all the ways in which ecosystems mediate the physical, chemical, and biological conditions that affects human health, safety, or comfort. Bamboos play a significant role in the cultural landscapes, for example, in India and other parts of Asia. In these regions, two types of bamboo production practices, namely “village bamboos” and “forest bamboos” have been recognized. Village bamboos have traditionally been managed with a view to increasing the socioeconomic value of the system.
