ABSTRACT
This chapter presents overtopping hydrodynamic flow, turbulent shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and erosion rate at the toe of landward-side slope under combined overtopping condition. New equations for estimating turbulent shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and erosion rate at the toe of the landward-side slope were developed. According to experimental measurements, the erosion rate of levee under combined overtopping is proportional to the bottom shear stress. Empirical correlations were sought to link the calculated erosion rate at the toe of the landward-side slope to overflow parameters. The chapter hypothesize that the linear relationship between erosion rate and shear stress may exist for much larger shear stress, if high-performance turf reinforcement mats (HPTRM) is strictly fastened. However, the HPTRM-protected clay with adequate grass can endure strong overtopping and high shear stress, and the linear relationship between shear stress and erosion rate still exists.
