ABSTRACT
Cement is an inorganic binding material and has evolved over 5,000 years from natural materials to industrial production with changes in chemical compositions and particle size distributions.
Cement has evolved as the most popular construction material in the world and is used in both onshore and offshore construction and maintenance. There are many standards developed to manufacture cement based on the potential applications. With a better understanding of chemical and physical cement behaviors and also advances in technologies, there is a need to make cement a highly sensing bulk material so that health monitoring can be done in all its applications. In structural health monitoring, it is also important to identify the cement property that is highly sensitive and also can be easily monitored in the field. In recent years chemo-thermo-piezoresistive smart cement has been developed with an integrated real-time monitoring system to be used in all cement applications.
