ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we discuss various existing techniques for load balancing, energy effciency in WSN as well as localization problem in WSN. Firstly, we focus on an extensive review of various challenges in wireless sensor networks and their heuristic approaches. We then discuss different meta-heuristic approaches and the way they applied to various problems in WSN. Another challenging issue in WSN is localization. Therefore, we discussed localization-related works in the further subsection.
