ABSTRACT
Basic ground-electrodes can be assembled together to constitute more complex grounding systems. The most noticeable basic ground-electrodes are the sphere, the ground rod, and the horizontal ground wire. Spherical electrodes are hardly used in practical applications, as their employment would not be cost-effective. However, their analysis is important, as it helps determine ground-resistances and ground potentials of ground-electrodes of any other shape, for which analytical methods may not be available. The model of the spherical electrodes allows the understanding of the effects of the burial depth on ground potentials and ground-resistances for ground-electrodes. Ground-resistances and ground potentials of basic ground-electrodes are herein studied by using the principle of images in boundless medium.
