ABSTRACT
A traumatic brain injury is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain. traumatic brain injury (TBI), a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue. External forces may include any of the following events: the head being struck by an object, the head striking an object, the brain undergoing an acceleration/deceleration movement without direct external trauma to the head, or forces generated from events such as blast or explosion, including penetrating injuries. The National Academy of Sciences defines traumatic brain injury as an insult to the brain from an external force that leads to temporary or permanent impairment of cognitive, physical, or psychosocial function.
