ABSTRACT
The robotic systems replace large teams of operatives by efficiently creating structures with minimal technician support and direction. The robot is equipped with high definition cameras and ‘light imaging, detection and ranging’ sensors, similar to driverless vehicles. High definition surveying or laser scanning is the process of firing multiple lasers that accurately and rapidly capture points in space on physical structures that can be used to create a virtual model of the real world in a ‘point cloud’. In 2004, Professor Behrokh Khoshnevis, of the University of South Carolina, developed the first prototype three-dimensional (3D) printer, called contour crafting, to print a wall. The project quality plan should set out the role of the competent person who is responsible for supervising the setting-up and use of the 3D and four-dimensional (4D) printers. 4D printing takes the 3D printer technology and tweaks it, so that the materials can adapt to changes over time: heat, vibration, sound or moisture.
