ABSTRACT
This chapter covers in-place resistance for both support type and anchor pile type intermediate foundations. Tension cracks can occur behind the trailing edge of foundations under lateral load. This has been realised as a potential problem for sheet pile walls for many years. The crack depth depends upon many factors, including the lateral load magnitude and the in-situ stress profile. For intermediate anchor foundations in normally consolidated clay, tension cracking is not usually considered. This is because locating the lug slightly below optimum depth causes restoring loads and decreases the risk of forward rotation. However, tension cracking and gapping may need consideration for intermediate support foundations under overturning loads and/or in stiff clays. In assessing maximum torsional resistance, due consideration should be given during site investigation and interpretation to the possible occurrence of discrete layers of low strength material along which displacements could preferentially occur.
