ABSTRACT
In Table 18.1, monetary values (costs) for decrease of environmental goods are summarized. In Table 18.2 monetary values of environmental impacts from emissions are summarized. Monetary values for environmental goods. https://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table">
Environmental good
Unit
Monetary impact value ($)
Best estimate
Uncertainty
Production capacity of crops
kg
0.289
1.24
Production capacity for meat
kg
2.59
1.32
Production capacity for fish
kg
2.42
1.30
Production capacity for wood
m3
72
1.2
Biodiversity
All, dimensionless
7.61E+10
1.5
Production capacity for drinking water
m3
1.87
2.26
Coal resources
kg
0.284
1.3
Lignite resources
kg
0.084
1.2
Oil resources
kg
0.8
1.3
Natural gas resources
kg
0.5
1.3
Metal resources
Aluminum
kg metal
0.175
1.3
Iron
kg metal
1.1
1.6
Silver
kg metal
115200
2
Arsenic
kg metal
3840
2
Gold
kg metal
3200000
2
Bismuth
kg metal
44308
2
Cadmium
kg metal
58776
2
Cerium
kg metal
90
2
Cobolt
kg metal
226
2
Chromium
kg metal
43
2
Cesium
kg metal
1252
2
Copper
kg metal
144
2
Dysprosium
kg metal
1646
2
Erbium
kg metal
2504
2
Europium
kg metal
6545
2
Gallium
kg metal
339
2
Gadolinium
kg metal
1516
2
Germanium
kg metal
3600
2
Hafnium
kg metal
993
2
Mercury
kg metal
85970
2
Holmium
kg metal
7200
2
Indium
kg metal
115200
2
Iridium
kg metal
261818182
2
Lanthanum
kg metal
192
2
Lead
kg metal
339
2
Lithium
kg metal
288
2
Luthetium
kg metal
18000
2
Manganese
kg metal
5.6
2
Molybdenum
kg metal
3840
2
Niob
kg metal
480
2
Platinum
kg metal
9600000
2
Rhenium
kg metal
14400000
2
Rhodium
kg metal
320000000
2
Ruthenium
kg metal
192000000
2
Antimony
kg metal
28800
2
Scandium
kg metal
411
2
Samarium
kg metal
1280
2
Tin
kg metal
698
2
Tantalum
kg metal
5760
2
Terbium
kg metal
9000
2
Tellurium
kg metal
5760000
2
Thorium
kg metal
2057
2
Titanium
kg metal
1
2
Thallium
kg metal
5760
2
Thulium
kg metal
17455
2
Tungsten
kg metal
5760
2
Uranium
kg metal
538
2
Vanadium
kg metal
54
2
Yttrium
kg metal
262
2
Ytterbium
kg metal
2618
2
Zinc
kg metal
46
2
Zirconium
kg metal
30
2
Alkali metal resources
Lithium
kg metal
5
2
Sodium
kg metal
0
1
Potassium
kg metal
0
1
Rubidium
kg metal
0
1
Cesium
kg metal
780
2
Alkali earth metals
Beryllium
kg metal
9600
5
Magnesium
kg metal
0
1
Calcium
kg metal
0
1
Strontium
kg metal
0.2
2
Barium
kg metal
11
2
Non-metal resources
Hydrogen
kg
0.44
2
Boron
kg
10
2
Carbon
kg
0.284
1.3
Silicon
kg
0
1
Nitrogen
kg
0
1
Phosphorous
kg
8.2
2
Oxygen
kg
0
1
Sulphur
kg
0.2
2
Selenium
kg
50
5
Halides
Fluorine
kg
6
2
Chlorine
kg
0
1
Bromine
kg
0
1
Iodine
kg
30
2
Noble gases
kg
0
1
Helium
kg
0
1
Argon
kg
0
1
Neon
kg
0
1
Krypton
kg
0
1
Xenon
kg
0
1
Human health
Working capacity
personhour
30
1.25
Years of lost life expectancy, YLL
personyear
107067
1.3
Undernutrition
personyear
6424
1.1
Diarrhea
personyear
11242
1.5
Malaria episodes
personyear
20450
1.1
Gravation of angina pectoris
personyear
6424
1.5
Cardiovascular disease
personyear
10707
2.4
Infarcts
personyear
8795
1.3
Asthma cases
personyear
4604
2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mild and moderate
personyear
18201
2
Cancer
personyear
21413
2
Skin cancer
personyear
5353
2
Low vision
personyear
18201
2
Poisoning
personyear
64240
1.2
Intellectual disability: mild
personyear
3319
4
Osteoporosis
personyear
137045
3
Renal dysfunction
personyear
68523
2
Monetary environmental impact values for emissions. https://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table">Emission or resource
Unit
Monetary impact value ($)
Note
Carbon dioxide, CO2 to air
kg
0.356
Carbon monoxide, CO, to air
kg
1.33
Nitrogen oxides, NOx, to air
kg as NO2
−32.8
Nitrous oxide, N2O, to air
kg
94.6
Ammonia, NH3, to air
kg
−53.2
Sulphur oxides, SOx, to air
kg as SO2
−10.4
PM2.5, to air
kg
268
PAH in particles to air
kg
5.31
In addition to PM2.5
Halogenated organic compounds to air
kg
0.3 – 4340
Summarized in Table 8.1
Volatile organic compounds, VOC, to air
kg
0.41–43.8
Summarized in Table 9.2
Methane to air
kg
10.13
C-14
TBq
1.20E+07
H-3
TBq
1.70E+02
I-129
TBq
5.65E+05
Kr-85
TBq
2.83E+02
Pb-210
TBq
1.41E+05
Po-210
TBq
1.41E+05
Ra-226
TBq
8.48E+04
Rn-222
TBq
2.12E+03
Th-230
TBq
4.24E+06
U-234
TBq
1.13E+06
U-238
TBq
9.89E+05
Use of pesticides
kg
8.26 – 79600
Summarized in Table 11.2
BOD to freshwater
kg O2
0.000352
Ntot to freshwater tot
kg N
0.0024
Ntot to seawater tot
kg N
0.006
Ptot to freshwater tot
kg P
0.0455
As to freshwater
kg
8030
Cd to freshwater
kg
26200
Hg to water or air
kg
435
Littering on land
kg
5
Littering to sea water
kg
4.25
Monetary valuations of impacts from land use. https://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table">Lan used activity
Unit
Monetary impact value ($)
Note
Residential & commercial developments in cities > 0.5 million inhabitants
Housing and urban areas, arable land
m2 year
10.52
Housing and urban areas, forestland
m2 year
10.39
Housing and urban areas, impediment
m2 year
10.35
Commercial & industrial areas, arable land
m2 year
10.51
Commercial & industrial areas, forestland
m2 year
10.38
Commercial & industrial areas, impediment
m2 year
10.34
Tourism & recreational areas
m2 year
0.13
Residential & commercial developments in rural and cities < 0.5 million inhabitants
Housing and urban areas, arable land
m2 year
7.27
Housing and urban areas, forestland
m2 year
7.14
Housing and urban areas, impediment
m2 year
7.10
Commercial & industrial areas, arable land
m2 year
7.26
Commercial & industrial areas, forestland
m2 year
7.13
Commercial & industrial areas, impediment
m2 year
7.09
Tourism & recreational areas
m2 year
0.09
Agriculture and Aquaculture
Annual&perennial non-timber crops
m2 year
0.00082
Wood & pulp plantations
m2 year
0.00152
Livestock farming and ranching
m2 year
0.00025
Marine and freshwater aquaculture
kg produced
0.00477
Energy production and mining
Oil and gas drilling
kg produced
0.00004
Mining and quarrying
m2 year
0.624
Renewable energy
m2 year
0.00022
Transportation and service corridors
Roads and railroads
m2 year
1.055
Utility and service lines
m2 year
0.043
Biological resource use
Logging and wood harvesting
m2 year
0.00029
