ABSTRACT
Market prices are normally a lower estimate of monetary values. Many buyers are willing to pay more than the prices, but there are seldom any data on the so called “surplus value”. The ISO standard 14008 has several requirements on what to report when determining a monetary value of an environmental good. Product systems normally involve processes distributed over large areas, which makes it reasonable to start an impact valuation with global averages. If a sensitivity analysis indicates that local impacts play an important role, local values can be determined using similar methodology. Market values are used both for impacts on traded and non-traded goods. The price of crops varies depending on which crop is produced, but it is assumed that the present production mix mirrors present human needs. The impact valued is decreased production capacity of crops.
