ABSTRACT
The simple case of orthogonal cutting is considered because of its simplicity and fairly wide applications. The continuous chip without a built-up edge forms the basis of the metal-cutting model analysis. In the last century, several models that describe the cutting process have been developed; these models qualitatively explain the phenomena observed during metal cutting. The continuous chip is considered ideal for an efficient cutting action because it results in better surface finishes, low power consumption, and a longer tool life. The important factors that affect orthogonal cutting are the workpiece material, tool material, cutting speed and feed, and the rake angle. Many attempts have been made to analyze and understand the mechanisms involved in the cutting process that enable predictions of important machining characteristics. Discontinuous (segmented) chips are produced when brittle materials such as cast iron, bronze, and some ductile materials are cut.
