ABSTRACT
Artificial sources of ionizing radiation are used extensively in a range of industries. Examples of such use include X-ray machines and sealed sources for industrial radiography (non-destructive testing) and for other industrial inspection purposes; sealed sources such as gauges or measuring devices in the paper industry and in construction; and unsealed sources such as radioactive tracers. Research and development facilities make use of a variety of radiation sources as do teaching institutions such as universities, colleges and schools. In order to safely carry out any of these activities, an appropriate level of radiation protection is required. Some industrial activities, such as mining, may expose workers to significant amounts of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) (see Chapter 5, Section 5.4) and this necessitates the implementation of radiation protection measures.
