ABSTRACT
Genetic testing is a routine tool for almost all biomedical scientists. Archived pathological specimens are very important sources of DNA from deceased persons, although consent laws in some countries make it difficult to use them. For most conditions and in most laboratories, the main present choice is between using gene panels or exomes. On the law of averages, most VUS will turn out to be benign. In private healthcare systems market-driven companies offer a range of analyses. Numerous companies, operating over the Internet, offer lifestyle genetic testing. One way of minimizing the problem of incidental findings is to use gene panels rather than the whole exome or whole genome. Pharmacogenetic effects can be divided into two categories: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. People can be classified into nonconjugators, low conjugators, and high conjugators with respect to any particular GST activity. The use of DNA variants for identifying individuals started with the pioneering work of the British scientist Alec Jeffreys.
