ABSTRACT
The United States invented the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program in 1982, and through its determined and sustained execution, they finally found a new innovation model. This is an organic open network model by science-based startups, where law obliges the federal government to contribute a certain percentage of outsourced research funds to small businesses, and this was realized based on the institutional design. In other words, it called for obscure young scientists to become innovators rather than pursue research for the sake of research and presented specific challenges toward creating new industries. It encouraged applicants to become entrepreneurs of start-ups through a three-stage gate system. It is no exaggeration to say that the strong international competitiveness of science-based industries in the United States was a result of the SBIR program. If new graduate schools that encourage synergy between science and humanities and make innovation as their ultimate goal are set up, scientific thinking can be effectively ingrained in society.
