ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on designing questionnaires for mixed-mode surveys. It starts with a brief overview of the general goals and challenges of questionnaire design and shows how questionnaire design can affect mode-specific measurement errors. Subsequently, general guidelines on structuring questionnaire design for multiple modes simultaneously are described, including criteria to assess if questionnaires are fit to be taken on smartphones. Questionnaire development goes hand-in-hand with cognitive testing and usability testing. The chapter explains approaches to perform questionnaire testing that account for the natural context in which respondents fill in questionnaires for the different modes, and gives recommendations as to how to implement such testing procedures.
